Frankenstein, By Mary Shelley - 1532 Words

Like any author, especially one who created a new genre, there will be criticism, and Shelley is no exception. Shelley received criticism surrounding Frankenstein not only because she was a female writer, but because of her writing style. Originally, Frankenstein was published anonymously and was thought that her husband, Percy Shelley, wrote it (â€Å"Mary Shelley Biography† 2016). Shelley may have published Frankenstein anonymously because â€Å"’women understood that they got a â€Å"better hearing† if it was thought they were males’† (Ezell 35). Women who wrote literature in the 1800’s were not taken seriously and their pieces were seen as having no literary worth. Additionally, Shelley was both young and had no formal education, her style was bold and lacked refrain from grotesque details. Shelley wrote about psychological disturbances in Frankenstein and how Victor shows symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder (McCulloch 2002). Fr ankenstein also suggested an incestuous relationship between Victor and Elizabeth, who grew up as his â€Å"more than sister† (McCulloch 2002; Shelley 35). Shelley apologized for her bold and unrefined style in her diary entry written in 1831 and said that she was handed all the tools that she needed to be a distinguished writer but she let everyone down (Poovey 346). She may have felt this way because she had only one true success and could not live up to the expectations set forth by her novelist parents and her poet husband. Even though Victor deviatesShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1650 Words   |  7 Pagesbook of Frankenstein does one just think of a mythical science fiction book that really has no meaning? Frankenstein can have numerous meanings depending on how a person perceives it. Frankenstein can be analyzed into many themes; some say religion, feminism, or scientific symbolization, it all depends on ones own perception. When one analyzes further into Mary Shelly’s life and then interprets the novel it is obvious that is a sociological theme. One can simply assume that Mary Shelley creates FrankensteinRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1093 Words   |  4 Pagesfaster than man can contend with. That argument is the premises, moral, and plot base for Mary Shelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. ShelleysRead MoreMary Shelley Frankenstein859 Words   |  4 Pages Mary Shelley The Creature in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† needs a companionship as every ordinary human. Every man needs a woman, who will able to share moments of happiness and sadness, a woman who will be able to share thoughts and of course a woman who will be able to love a man. In this case the Creature needs a bride. But the problem is that the Creature from the â€Å"Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus† is not a human. SoRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1325 Words   |  6 PagesI have been informed that you are pushing to remove the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley from the school curriculum. I’ve decided to write to you and explain why I believe that you are misinformed, and in fact, why this is a huge importance to the students of today. Frankenstein is a classic which recounts the life and horrors of Victor Frankenstein, as told through a series of letters and narrations. His obsession with the natural world and science brings him to a state of mind which ultimatelyRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1580 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a sci-fi novel written during the Romantic Movement in Britain’s early nineteenth century. The movement was stimulated by the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and in reaction against the emphasis on reason in eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophy (The Romantic Movement, 2014 ). Mary Shelley’s husband, Percy Shelley was also a romantic poet during the movement. Shelley’s novel is evidently influenced by her relationship with her husband, which is illustratedRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley739 Words   |  3 Pagesinterconnections of humanity, nature, and divinity (â€Å"Romanticism 1†). English Romanticism being trendy in Europe, people would vent their outlooks onto their personal fiction works such as Mary Shelley. Shelley uses vivid creativity and romantic elements to create one of her admired novels, Frankenstein. In Shelley’s novel, Frankenstein, most of the characters prove their compassion for mankind, prove their rejection of technology and science, and prove their involvement in a romantic quest. These several characteristicsRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1040 Words   |  5 Pages In 1818, a book titled Frankenstein was published anonymously, mysteriously dedicated to William Godwin, a prominent journal ist and political philosopher of his time. The immediate reviews of the novel were mixed, most edging towards critical, although no one knew who the book was written by. However, while Frankenstein failed to gain popularity immediately, no one had any idea the lasting impact this novel would have on the world. Despite the lukewarm reception at its debut, it soon proved to beRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley’s Frankenstein has undoubtedly withstood the test of time. Frankenstein’s direct association with fundamental Gothic literature is extremely renowned. However, the novel’s originality is derived from the foundational thematic values found within the relationship (or lack there of) between Victor Frankenstein and the monster he had created, in combination with a fascinatingly captivating plot. Understandably, Frankenstein can often be associated with a multitude of concepts; however,Read MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shel ley1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto have multiple narrators telling a story? In Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, Frankenstein, three main narrators tell the story about the creation of a monster and the events that follow. The job of narrator shifts between Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster that Victor creates. As each narrator shares his own recollection of the events that occurred, new facts are introduced to put the pieces of the puzzle together. Although Frankenstein uses multiple narrators to tell the story, it

A Review On Asset Pricing Literature - 2139 Words

Introduction. This write – up is aimed at critically reviewing Campbell, J. and Vuolteenaho, T., 2004, Good beta, bad beta, American Economic Review and its contribution to asset pricing literature which proposes a simple and intuitive two – beta model that captures a stock’s risk in risk loading factor (BETA) and decomposing the market beta of a stock into cash – flow beta (bad beta) and discount – rate beta (good beta) . BAD BETA, GOOD BETA Owing to the failure of CAPM, some extensions of the model have been introduced which includes this article as an alternative to the familiar the CAPM. They introduced the idea of decomposing the market risk beta into two Good Beta, Bad Beta critically reviewing the American Economic . This paper they critically reviewed the failure of CAPM to â€Å"describe the average realized stock returns since the early 1690s using a value – weighted equity index as a proxy for the market portfolio†. (Campbell, J. and Vuolteenaho, T., 2004, p 1). It was observed that small stock and value stock have delivered higher average returns than their beta can justify, also bringing to light stocks with high past beta having had average returns not higher than stocks of the same size with low past beta, which tends to remain unexplained by CAPM. In accurately ascertaining risk faced by investors, the duo proposed that the Sharpe - Linter CAPM should be decomposed into two different beta: cash – flow beta (Bad Beta) and discount rate beta (Good Beta). TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Arbitrage Pricing Theory ( Apt )1084 Words   |  5 PagesI. Introduction Background Ever since Ross (1976) proposed the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) as an alternative to the capital pricing model, many economists and investors have applied APT across different markets. Whereas the traditional capital pricing model explained asset returns with one beta, sensitivity to the market return, APT decomposes the return with a multiple number of factors. This idea became particularly popular for investors who aim to gain systematic risk other than market riskRead MoreThe Valuation Of Mutual Fund1461 Words   |  6 Pagesmodels have the purpose of assessing the expected returns of stocks and evaluating their performance related to the exposure to the market. The exploration for the risk-related asset pricing model that clarifies variations in stock returns is one of the most important issues in finance. Apparently, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which is proposed by Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965), and the Fama and French three factors model, which is proposed b y Fama and French (1992, 1993 and 1995), areRead MoreTheories Of Asset Pricing Behaviour801 Words   |  4 Pagesyear. Let me firstly clarify what is meant by anomalies in the market, Anomalies within the market are empirical results that are inconsistent with current theories of asset-pricing behaviour ( G.William Schwert). Anomalies represent inefficiency in the market ( i.e. Arbitrage opportunities) or issues with the underlying asset-pricing model. Scholars have documented many effects that have generated anomalies: Weekend Effect, January effect, Size Effect, momentum and contrarian effect. However onceRead MoreQuestions On Arbitrage Pricing Theory1493 Words   |  6 Pagessystematic factors with considerable ability to explain security returns.† Arbitrage Pricing Theory 1. Introduction †¢ Brief background on the subject from the literature Ever since Ross (1976) proposed the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) as an alternative to the capital pricing model, many economists and investors have applied APT across different markets. Whereas the traditional capital pricing model explained asset returns with one parameter beta, sensitivity to the market return, APT decompose theRead MoreA Chooser Option Or A Straddle : Valuation And Efficiency Analysis1423 Words   |  6 Pagesor feelings about the future movements of the market. Multiple strategies involving options exist today, but in the proposed study the attention will be paid to the strategies which presuppose the increase in the future volatility of the underlying asset such as straddle or strangle. The emphasis is made on this type of strategies since the volatility, which dramatically increased after the financial crisis of the end 2000-s, still has not reached the pre-crisis levels in the world’s largest economiesRead MoreRisk Management Is Not Avoiding Or Elimi nating Risk Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthat experienced asset quality problems due to lack of effective credit review process. The purpose of credit review is to provide appropriate checks and balances to ensure that credits are made in accordance with bank policy and to provide an independent judgment of asset quality. Fourth, a common and very important problem in credit process is lack of monitoring client or collateral value. In absence of monitoring process the bank will fail to recognize early signs that asset quality will deteriorateRead MoreInflation and Currency Risk644 Words   |  3 PagesChapter 1: Research Overview 1.1 Background of the Study Inflation and currency risk is the possibility that the value of assets or income will decrease as inflation shrinks the purchasing power of a currency. Inflation causes money to decrease in value at some rate, and does so whether the money is invested or not. Malaysia is part of the worldwide emerging market where the country aims to achieve the status of a developed country by the year 2020, however, the increase in inflation and currencyRead MoreNotes On The Value Of Diversification1352 Words   |  6 Pagesinvesting a basket of assets in portfolios. But what contributes to the success of portfolio diversification? A large number of assets? A variety types of asset allocation? Adding international investment? Numerous of risk factors? They are all indicators of a well-diversified portfolio. In this case, we will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of diversification in portfolio management with related indicators. On one hand, some mention dynamic and numerous assets a llocation in the portfolioRead MoreBinomial Model : Black Scholes1630 Words   |  7 Pages Rajdeep Atwal December 2015 The University of Leicester CT8: Financial Mathematics Black Scholes and Binomial Model â€Æ' Contents Literature Review 3 Binomial model 3 Black Scholes 5 Justification 7 Binomial model 7 Black Scholes 11 Modified Exam Question 11 Binomial model 13 Black Scholes 16 Bibliography 16 Literature Review These models are very similar, they are based on similar theoretical foundations and have a series of assumptions, such as; Geometric Brownian Motion and risk-neutralRead MoreEssay on Risk and Return Analysis for Efficient Portfolio Selection 892 Words   |  4 PagesÃŽ ²eta, Standard deviation and Co-efficient of variation). 3.2 Theoretical objectives The main goal is to use quantitative measures of risk and return to a balance that suits an individual investor. The following topics will be addressed in my literature review: †¢ Risk Management and strategies for risk management. †¢ Risk premiums (major types of risk: financial, business, liquidity, currency, political, callability, and convertibility). †¢ Investment risk classifications, basis of investment and measurements

Deman and Supply of Product and Factors

Question: Describe about the Demand And Supply Of A Product And Factors That Affect The Demand And Supply Sides Of The Market. Answer: Introduction Demand and supply are factors that determine pricing for a commodity in a free market. While the pricing for goods tend to be determined by the demand and supply, the cross elasticity tends to have a significant bearing on the final pricing of the commodity (Mth, 1961). Interestingly, companies like Uber also use the demand-supply analysis for price determination of their service, often creating a sudden surge in pricing as demand moves up. The analysis of demand and supply is useful for both individuals as well as small businesses as it helps them in everyday decision making by accessing market situations in a better manner. The product that is being considered is airfares. This commodity is a classic example of the demand-supply model of price determination in a competitive market and exhibits a clear cross elasticity of demand due to the various options available for travellers, making it an apt example for consideration. Demand Supply Model Of Price Determination The four scenarios to be considered in this model are An increase in demand and no change in supply results in a higher price and quantity for the commodity or service. A decrease in demand and no change in supply- results in a lower price and quantity for the commodity or service. An increase in supply and no change in demand - results in a lower price and higher quantity for the commodity or service. A decrease in supply and no change in demand- results in a higher price and lower quantity for the commodity or service. Assuming that the consumer uses accurate information and makes rational decisions, it can be seen that the pricing for the commodity would vary depending on the demand and supply conditions prevalent in the market. The fair market scenario tends to move towards an equilibrium, wherein the equilibrium price is determined by the balance between the supply and demand. Unfortunately, the real word situation tends to be different with a significant change in free availability of accurate information (Grossman Stiglitz, 1980). The Cross Elasticity Of Demand And Its Impact On Pricing This pricing model is seen in commodities that can be easily substituted by competing products. Price discrimination is directly proportional to competition in this industry (Stavins, 2001). In such a scenario, when the price for a chosen product increases, consumers look at similar products that are available at a lower price, to satisfy their needs. Thus, the demand for a lower priced commodity would increase and a higher priced commodity would decree if they are substitutable. Sellers try and insulate themselves this situation by creating goods and services that cannot be easily substituted. For instance, airfare for budget airlines and premium airlines cannot be substituted. However, if there is a significant price variation between airfares in the budget class then cross elasticity would apply. Airfares And Pricing Based On Demand-Supply And Cross Elasticity By applying these theories to air fares, it can be seen that the higher disposable income as well as the comfort and convenience offered by flights have increased the demand for flight tickets. This is however regulated by the availability of alternative flights, thus ensuring a balanced pricing for air fare. This reflects the cross elasticity of demand, wherein a commodity is substituted by an alternative commodity available at a lower price. It is further observed that any spike in airfare tends to result in a drop in the demand for the same as travellers look at alternative modes of travel like road or rail. In the real world, the airfares tend to be high on weekends and lower on weekdays from Tuesday to Thursday. The exception to this rule is seen on extended weekends, wherein airfares tend to spike due to the sudden influx of persons looking forward to a mini-vacation. This reflects the classic case of pricing (of air tickets) being determined by the forces of demand and supply (Wei Grubesic, 2016). However, governments do insist on a cap in pricing or ceiling price to ensure that consumers are not fleeced by airlines and the supply to genuine consumers continues within a certain price band (Posner, 1974). It is further seen that airlines tend to offer exorbitant price discounts during lean seasons or in conjunction with special days (Lohatepanont Barnhart, 2002). While the latter is a publicity gimmick; the former is an attempt to influence buyer behaviour by lowering prices. As the seller changes prices to lower levels, the commodity starts to look more attractive and often influences buyers to shift the purchase from competitors (Cattaneo, et al., 2016). It is important to remember that the nature of the demand curve is influenced by the industry in which the firm operates (Rosen, 1974). For instance, commodities that cater to a particular niche tend to be more rigid and do not exhibit any significant elasticity due to pricing. In case of airfares, the business class pricing tends to remain virtually unchanged over the shorter time frame as persons travelling for business continue to do so regardless of minor fluctuations in pricing. Conclusion Considered the backbone of any economy; the correlation between price, demand and supply help in the efficient allocations of resources to ensure maximum profits for organizations. In the real market, price equilibrium is mere theory as prices are constantly affected by fluctuations in supply and demand (Knittel Pindyck, 2016). While, the consumer is able to regulate prices by influencing the demand, the seller controls the supply. In a free market, the seller tries to reduce supply to maintain prices at desired levels, the consumer works at reducing demand for the commodity to drive prices downwards. References Cattaneo, M., Malighetti, P., Morlotti, C. Redondi, R., 2016. Quantity price discrimination in the air transport industry: The easyJet case. Journal of Air Transport Management, 54(1), pp. 1-8. Grossman, S. J. Stiglitz, J. E., 1980. On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets. The American Economic Review, 70(3), pp. 393-408. Knittel, C. R. Pindyck, R. S., 2016. The Simple Economics of Commodity Price Speculation. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 8(2), pp. 85-110. Lohatepanont, M. Barnhart, C., 2002. Airline Schedule Planning: Integrated Models and Algorithms for Schedule Design and Fleet Assignment. Transportation Science, 38(1), pp. 19-32. Mth, J. F., 1961. Rational Expectations and the Theory of Price Movements. Econometrica , 29(3), pp. 315-335. Posner, R. A., 1974. Theories of Economic Regulation. Bell Journal of Economics, 5(2), pp. 335-358. Rosen, S., 1974. Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition. Journal of Political Economy , 82(1), pp. 34-55. Stavins, J., 2001. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(1), pp. 200-202. Wei, F. Grubesic, T. H., 2016. The pain persists: Exploring the spatiotemporal trends in air fares and itinerary pricing in the United States, 20022013. Journal of Air Transport Management, 57(1), pp. 107-121.